[Loops] type II spicule paper

[Petrus Martens]

Hey, great paper!  Glad that someone looked into that.

Cheers,

Piet

On 7/31/12 7:47 AM, Klimchuk, James A. (GSFC-6710) wrote:
> Dear friends,
>
>        You might be interested in my recent paper on “The Role of Type
> II Spicules in the Upper Solar Atmosphere,”  which can be downloaded at
> http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.7048
>
> Cheers,
>
> Jim
>
> ABSTRACT:
>
> We examine the suggestion that most of the hot plasma in the Sun's
>
> corona comes from type II spicule material that is heated as it is
>
> ejected from the chromosphere.  This contrasts with the traditional
>
> view that the corona is filled via chromospheric evaporation that
>
> results from coronal heating.  We explore the observational
>
> consequences of a hypothetical spicule dominated corona and conclude
>
> from the large discrepancy between predicted and actual observations
>
> that only a small fraction of the hot plasma can be supplied by
>
> spicules (<2% in active regions and <5% in the quiet Sun).  The
>
> red-blue asymmetries of EUV spectral lines and the ratio of lower
>
> transition region (LTR; T<0.1 MK) to coronal emission measures
>
> are both predicted to be 2 orders of magnitude larger than observed.
>
> Furthermore, hot spicule material would cool dramatically by
>
> adiabatic expansion as it rises into the corona, so coronal heating
>
> would be required to maintain the high temperatures that are seen at
>
> all altitudes.  The necessity of coronal heating is inescapable.
>
> Traditional coronal heating models predict far too little emission
>
> from the LTR, and we suggest that this emission comes primarily from
>
> the bulk of the spicule material that is heated to <0.1 MK and
>
> is visible in He II (304 A) as it falls back to the surface.
>
> ********************************************************************************
>
> James A. Klimchuk
>
> NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
>
> Solar Physics Lab, Code 671
>
> Bldg. 21, Rm. 158
>
> Greenbelt, MD  20771
>
> USA
>
> Phone:  1-301-286-9060
>
> Fax:      1-301-286-7194
>
> E-mail: James.A.Klimchuk at nasa.gov <mailto:James.A.Klimchuk at nasa.gov>
>
> Homepage:
> https://sedupdate.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/index.cfm?fuseAction=people.jumpBio&&iPhonebookId=15844
>
> No endorsement by NASA is implied for any correspondence related to my
> role as an officer of professional organizations (American Geophysical
> Union, International Astronomical Union, American Astronomical Society).
>
> ********************************************************************************
>
>
>
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