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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Some quick comments….<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>1. I agree with Markus and Marco
that there is, in principle, no problem having impulsive heating (nanoflares) in
the low atmosphere (chromosphere and transition region) of unipolar regions, as
long as the field is “tangled.” The resolvable events that Harry
mentions are interesting and important, but different from ordinary coronal
heating.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>2. However, the transition region is
an extremely thin layer that moves up and down flux tubes in response to
changes in the coronal pressure resulting from heating and cooling. It is
very difficult for me to see why the magnetic energy dissipation that gives
rise to heating should always follow this layer. Dissipation in the
thicker chromosphere is much easier to swallow.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>3. The ten arguments that Markus
gives in his paper are consistent with heating in the transition region, but
they are also consistent with heating in the corona! Thus, they do not
disprove coronal nanoflares. Perhaps we can discuss this in <st1:City
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Florence</st1:place></st1:City>.
(Markus: I remember we went over some of this during a wonderful lunch
with retsina on a patio in Santorini! How about if we cover the rest with
chianti?).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Jim<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
loops-bounces@solar.physics.montana.edu
[mailto:loops-bounces@solar.physics.montana.edu] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Markus J. Aschwanden<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, March 05, 2009
10:16 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Hugh Hudson; A mailing list
for scientists involved in the observation and modelingof solar loop structures<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Loops] summaries on
nanoflare debates in "coronal loop workshops"</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dear Hugh,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Jim Klimchuk sent a great summary of the current status of a nanoflare
model around,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>so it deals with all the PROs. An outside reader who wants to hear both
sides might be<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>interested to hear also the CONs, which you could find in the ApJ
Letter entitled<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>"An observational test that disproves coronal nanoflare heating
models" (Aschwanden<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>2008, ApJ 672, L135). The arguments made therein do not dismiss
nanoflares<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>altogether, but come to the conclusion that they occur in the
transition region,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>rather than in the corona (as Parker originally suggested).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Markus<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>On Mar 3, 2009, at 7:32 AM, Klimchuk, James A. (GSFC-6710) wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Dear loops friends,<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
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color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> Here is a paper
I wrote for the Hinode II conference proceedings. In it, I try to do
three things: (1) review the arguments leading to the conclusion that
warm EUV loops must by bundles of strands heated by storms of nanoflares (the
flow chart some of you have asked about); (2) reconcile the
isothermal/multi-thermal debate in terms of the duration of the nanoflare
storm; and (3) address the possibility that loops can be explained by thermal
nonequilibrium. Comments are welcomed.<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Thanks,</span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>James A. Klimchuk</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<u1:p></u1:p></div>
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style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>____________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Dr. Markus J.
Aschwanden<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Solar &
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