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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Markus, you are definitely right that all
coronal material originates in the chromosphere. If the energy release (heating)
occurs in the corona, a downward thermal conduction flux (and possibly also a downward
flux of nonthermal particles) causes material to evaporate into the corona.
That is the traditional view. What other people (including you?) are
proposing is that the energy release occurs directly in the chromosphere or
transition region, and this process both heats the cool plasma and injects it
upward.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Jim<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> loops-bounces@solar.physics.montana.edu
[mailto:loops-bounces@solar.physics.montana.edu] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Markus J. Aschwanden<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Friday, March 06, 2009 11:52
AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> A mailing list for scientists
involved in the observation and modeling ofsolar loop structures<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Loops] summaries on
nanoflare debates in "coronalloopworkshops"</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>On Mar 6, 2009, at 8:44 AM, Klimchuk, James A. (GSFC-6710) wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
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By the way, I do NOT believe that observations necessarily point to low<br>
altitude heating. My view is that observations are consistent with both<br>
low altitude and high altitude heating. Perhaps this should be a topic<br>
for Loops IV.<br>
<br>
Jim<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>There is no way around to heat up first chromospheric material to fill
coronal<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>loops to produce the enhanced soft X-ray and EUV emission we see from<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>coronal loops (like in flares). Any heating mechanism that heats
directly<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>in the corona, does not increase the local density, so we would not see<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>any loops.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Markus<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Dr. Markus J.
Aschwanden<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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