<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11 (filtered medium)">
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><o:SmartTagType
namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PostalCode"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="State"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="City"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PlaceType"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PlaceName"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="country-region"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="place"/>
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
st1\:*{behavior:url(#default#ieooui) }
</style>
<![endif]-->
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"MS Mincho";
panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@MS Mincho";
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:Arial;
color:navy;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=blue style='word-wrap: break-word;-webkit-nbsp-mode: space;
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space'>
<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Hi Markus,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> Just a quick response
here….<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div style='border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=3 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
loops-bounces@solar.physics.montana.edu
[mailto:loops-bounces@solar.physics.montana.edu] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Markus J. Aschwanden<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Friday, March 06, 2009 2:25
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> A mailing list for scientists
involved in the observation and modeling ofsolar loop structures<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Loops] summaries on
nanoflare debates in "coronalloopworkshops"</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dear Jim,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Ok, we agree we need heating of chromospheric material to fill coronal
loops (i.e. the well-established<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>chromospheric evaporation scenario for flares), which is a kind of a
secondary step. What we are not<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>sure is where is the primary energy release that leads up to the
chromospheric heating: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>(1) Is it in coronal reconnection sites that produces precipitating
particles/donward conduction like in flares? <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>(2) Is it coronal nanoflares that could also produce precipitating
particles and/or downward conduction?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>(3) Is it reconnection events in the chromosphere/transition region<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Since I see a continous transition from high-lying reconnection regions
in large flares to low-lying<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>reconnection regions in microflares or EUV nanoflares, it appears
natural to me that there is a<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>continuouity from (1) to (3). But do we need case (2), which was
postulated by Parker ?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>As long we do not have any observational measurements for case (2), it
remains a<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>theoretical construct. So, what observational diagnostics can people
come up to test case (2) ?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>First, what is the difference between (1)
and (2) other than the magnitude of the energy release? Having asked
that, I would make the point that I see a fundamental difference between large
erupting flares and smaller compact flares. The evolution of the magnetic
field is completely different in the two cases.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I would argue that the observational evidence
for (2) is stronger than the observational evidence for (3). However, in
both cases the evidence might be thought of as circumstantial. It is
quite easy to reproduce loop observations (at least EUV loops) in terms of
bundles of strands heated by storms of nanoflares that occur in the corona. To
my knowledge, no one has demonstrated that the observations can be reproduced
by (3). <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Have a nice weekend!<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Jim<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Markus<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>On Mar 6, 2009, at 11:11 AM, Klimchuk, James A. (GSFC-6710) wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<span style='orphans: 2;text-align:auto;widows: 2;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0;word-spacing:0px'><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PostalCode"><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="State"><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceName"><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place">
<div link=blue vlink=blue style='word-wrap: break-word;-webkit-nbsp-mode: space;
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space'>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Markus, you are definitely right that all
coronal material originates in the chromosphere. If the energy release
(heating) occurs in the corona, a downward thermal conduction flux (and
possibly also a downward flux of nonthermal particles) causes material to
evaporate into the corona. That is the traditional view. What
other people (including you?) are proposing is that the energy release occurs
directly in the chromosphere or transition region, and this process both heats
the cool plasma and injects it upward.<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Jim<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;
border-width:initial;border-color:initial'>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>
<hr size=3 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><span
class=apple-converted-space><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'> </span></font></span><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'><a href="mailto:loops-bounces@solar.physics.montana.edu">loops-bounces@solar.physics.montana.edu</a><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span>[<a
href="mailto:loops-bounces@solar.physics.montana.edu">mailto:loops-bounces@solar.physics.montana.edu</a>]<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On
Behalf Of<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></b>Markus J.
Aschwanden<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span>Friday, March 06, 2009 11:52 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span>A mailing list for scientists involved
in the observation and modeling ofsolar loop structures<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span>Re: [Loops] summaries on nanoflare
debates in "coronalloopworkshops"</span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<u1:p></u1:p></div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><u1:p> </u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><u1:p> </u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>On Mar 6, 2009, at 8:44 AM, Klimchuk,
James A. (GSFC-6710) wrote:<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<u1:p></u1:p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><br>
By the way, I do NOT believe that observations necessarily point to low<br>
altitude heating. My view is that observations are consistent with both<br>
low altitude and high altitude heating. Perhaps this should be a topic<br>
for Loops IV.<br>
<br>
Jim<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><u1:p> </u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>There is no way around to heat up first
chromospheric material to fill coronal<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>loops to produce the enhanced soft X-ray
and EUV emission we see from<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>coronal loops (like in flares). Any
heating mechanism that heats directly<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>in the corona, does not increase the local
density, so we would not see<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>any loops.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><u1:p> </u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Markus<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><u1:p> </u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><u1:p> </u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><u1:p> </u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<span style='orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:
0px'><span style='-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'>
<div apple-content-edited=true>
<div style='word-wrap: break-word;-webkit-nbsp-mode: space;-webkit-line-break: after-white-space'>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>____________________________________________<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Dr. Markus J.
Aschwanden<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Solar &
Astrophysics Laboratory<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Lockheed Martin
Advanced<span class=apple-converted-space> <st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:placename u2:st="on"></span><st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Techology</st1:placename></st1:PlaceName><span
class=apple-converted-space> <st1:placetype u2:st="on"></span><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place><u1:p></u1:p></st1:PlaceType></st1:place></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Org. ADBS, Bldg. 252<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div><st1:place u2:st="on">
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:place w:st="on"><font size=1 color=black
face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>3251
Hanover St.,<span class=apple-converted-space> <st1:city u2:st="on"></span><st1:City
w:st="on">Palo Alto</st1:city></st1:City>,<span class=apple-converted-space> <st1:state u2:st="on"></span><st1:State
w:st="on">CA</st1:state></st1:State><span class=apple-converted-space> <st1:postalcode u2:st="on"></span><st1:PostalCode
w:st="on">94304</st1:postalcode></st1:PostalCode>,<span
class=apple-converted-space> <st1:country-region u2:st="on"></span><st1:country-region
w:st="on">USA</st1:country-region></st1:country-region></span></font></st1:place><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</st1:place></div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Phone: 650-424-4001,
FAX: 650-424-3994<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>URL:<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="http://www.lmsal.com/~aschwand/">http://www.lmsal.com/~aschwand/</a><u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>e-mail:<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="mailto:aschwanden@lmsal.com">aschwanden@lmsal.com</a><u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>_______________________________________<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>____________________________________<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'><br>
<br>
<br>
</span></font><font color=black><u1:p></u1:p><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><u1:p><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></u1:p></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><u1:p> </u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</span>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'></span></span></span>_______________________________________________<br>
Loops mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Loops@solar.physics.montana.edu">Loops@solar.physics.montana.edu</a><br>
<a href="https://mithra.physics.montana.edu/mailman/listinfo/loops">https://mithra.physics.montana.edu/mailman/listinfo/loops</a><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</u1:smarttagtype></u1:smarttagtype></u1:smarttagtype></u1:smarttagtype></u1:smarttagtype></u1:smarttagtype></u1:smarttagtype>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'></span><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<span style='orphans: 2;text-align:auto;widows: 2;-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'>
<div apple-content-edited=true>
<div style='word-wrap: break-word;-webkit-nbsp-mode: space;-webkit-line-break: after-white-space'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>____________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Dr. Markus J.
Aschwanden<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Solar &
Astrophysics Laboratory<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Lockheed Martin
Advanced <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Techology</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Center</st1:PlaceType></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Org. ADBS, Bldg. 252<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:place w:st="on"><font size=1 color=black
face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>3251
Hanover St., <st1:City w:st="on">Palo Alto</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">CA</st1:State>
<st1:PostalCode w:st="on">94304</st1:PostalCode>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">USA</st1:country-region></span></font></st1:place><font
size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:
Helvetica;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Phone: 650-424-4001,
FAX: 650-424-3994<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>URL: <a
href="http://www.lmsal.com/~aschwand/">http://www.lmsal.com/~aschwand/</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>e-mail: <a
href="mailto:aschwanden@lmsal.com">aschwanden@lmsal.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>_______________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>____________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'><br>
<br>
</span></font><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:
7.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'></span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</span></span>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'></span><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>