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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Dear All,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Jim mentions a recent paper of mine as submitted. It is now published, ApJ, 754, 153 (2012). This paper deals with the dynamics of
active regions as observed by EIS. I think all of our recent results make a strong case for Solar-C.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">I hope everyone is having a good summer.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">George<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold">From:</span></font></b><font size="2" face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma"> loops-bounces@mithra.physics.montana.edu
[mailto:loops-bounces@mithra.physics.montana.edu] <b><span style="font-weight:
bold">On Behalf Of
</span></b><st1:PersonName w:st="on">Klimchuk, James</st1:PersonName> A. (GSFC-6710)<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, July 31, 2012 9:48 AM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b> (Loops@solar.physics.montana.edu)<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b> [Loops] type II spicule paper</span></font><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Dear friends,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> You might be interested in my recent paper on “The Role of Type II Spicules in the Upper Solar Atmosphere,” which can be downloaded at <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.7048">http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.7048</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Jim<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">ABSTRACT:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">We examine the suggestion that most of the hot plasma in the Sun's
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">corona comes from type II spicule material that is heated as it is<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">ejected from the chromosphere. This contrasts with the traditional<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">view that the corona is filled via chromospheric evaporation that<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">results from coronal heating. We explore the observational<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">consequences of a hypothetical spicule dominated corona and conclude<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">from the large discrepancy between predicted and actual observations<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">that only a small fraction of the hot plasma can be supplied by<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">spicules (<2% in active regions and <5% in the quiet Sun). The<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">red-blue asymmetries of EUV spectral lines and the ratio of lower<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">transition region (LTR; T<0.1 MK) to coronal emission measures<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">are both predicted to be 2 orders of magnitude larger than observed.
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Furthermore, hot spicule material would cool dramatically by<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">adiabatic expansion as it rises into the corona, so coronal heating<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">would be required to maintain the high temperatures that are seen at<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">all altitudes. The necessity of coronal heating is inescapable.
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Traditional coronal heating models predict far too little emission<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">from the LTR, and we suggest that this emission comes primarily from<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">the bulk of the spicule material that is heated to <0.1 MK and<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">is visible in He II (304 A) as it falls back to the surface.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">********************************************************************************</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">James A. Klimchuk</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">NASA</span></font></st1:PlaceName><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">
<st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Goddard</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Space</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Flight</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Center</st1:PlaceType></span></font></st1:place><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">Solar Physics Lab, Code 671</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">Bldg. 21, Rm. 158</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">Greenbelt</span></font></st1:City><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">,
<st1:State w:st="on">MD</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">20771</st1:PostalCode></span></font></st1:place><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">USA</span></font></st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">Phone: 1-301-286-9060</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">Fax: 1-301-286-7194</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">E-mail: <a href="mailto:James.A.Klimchuk@nasa.gov">James.A.Klimchuk@nasa.gov</a>
</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">Homepage:
</span></font>https://sedupdate.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/index.cfm?fuseAction=people.jumpBio&&iPhonebookId=15844<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">No endorsement by NASA is implied for any correspondence related to my role as an officer of professional organizations (American Geophysical Union, International
Astronomical Union, American Astronomical Society).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">********************************************************************************<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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