<html><head></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Yes, clearly. And the high energy tail of electrons accelerated in the chromosphere can easily be associated with type II spicules. Jim's theory is all wet in other words ;-)<div>And if you start believing in Scudders ideas on coronal heating through velocity filtration I've got a good deal on a bridge between Brooklyn and Manhattan I can recommend.</div><div><br></div><div>Best wishes,</div><div>Viggo</div><div><br><div><div>On Jul 31, 2012, at 18:57 , Petrus Martens wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; ">On 7/31/12 10:42 AM, Charles C. Kankelborg wrote:<br><blockquote type="cite">So, Anderson concluded that the velocity filtration model needed to be<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">redone with Coulomb collisions included. Dorelly and Scudder came back<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">in 2003 with a paper concluding that "the electron heat flux is<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">determined by the essentially collisionless high-energy tail" of the<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">distribution:<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JGRA..108.1294D">http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JGRA..108.1294D</a><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">Does that mean the coulomb collisions don't really affect prediction of<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">energy transport? I haven't followed the trail of citations any farther...<br></blockquote><br>Ah, now I remember! The mean-free-path for high energy electrons is of<br>the order of the loop length (has to be be; if it is longer there is<br>no coronal heating, if it is much shorter likewise). So chromospheric<br>electrons in some energy range will contribute to coronal heating. Now<br>the question is whether there will be enough of them.<br><br>Cheers,<br><br>Piet<br><br><br><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">Charles<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">On 2012 Jul 31, , at 9:27 AM, Dana Longcope wrote:<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Stephen Anderson did a very thorough analysis of how Coulomb<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">collisions affect the model.<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994ApJ...437..860A">http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994ApJ...437..860A</a><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">dana<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">-----------------------------------------------------------<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Dana Longcope | Dept. of Physics<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Professor | Montana State University<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">(406) 994-7851 | Bozeman, MT 59717<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"> <a href="mailto:dana@solar.physics.montana.edu">dana@solar.physics.montana.edu</a><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">On Jul 31, 2012, at 9:20 AM, Petrus Martens wrote:<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"> Do you mean velocity filtration, where the corona is simply<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">particles from the<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">tail of the chromospheric distribution function? That theory has<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">been largely discredited.<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">That's news to me. Do you have a reference?<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Piet<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><martens.vcf>_______________________________________________<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Loops mailing list<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><a href="mailto:Loops@solar.physics.montana.edu">Loops@solar.physics.montana.edu</a><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><a href="https://mithra.physics.montana.edu/mailman/listinfo/loops">https://mithra.physics.montana.edu/mailman/listinfo/loops</a><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">_______________________________________________<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Loops mailing list<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><a href="mailto:Loops@solar.physics.montana.edu">Loops@solar.physics.montana.edu</a><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><a href="https://mithra.physics.montana.edu/mailman/listinfo/loops">https://mithra.physics.montana.edu/mailman/listinfo/loops</a><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">________________________________________________________________________<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">Charles Kankelborg AC7NY |<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">260C EPS Building | "If Christ is risen, nothing else matters.<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">Physics Department | And if Christ is not risen --- nothing else<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">Montana State University | matters."<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">Bozeman, MT 59717 |<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">Phone: 406-994-7853 | --Jaroslav Pelikan<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">FAX: 406-994-4452 |<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><a href="http://solar.physics.montana.edu/kankel/">http://solar.physics.montana.edu/kankel/</a><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><br></span></blockquote></div><br><div apple-content-edited="true">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; "><div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">========================================================</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">Viggo H. Hansteen <a href="http://www.astro.uio.no/~viggoh">http://www.astro.uio.no/~viggoh</a></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">Institutt for teoretisk astrofysikk tel: +47-22856120</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">PB 1029, Blindern fax: +47-22856505</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">N-0315 Oslo, Norway <a href="mailto:Viggo.Hansteen@astro.uio.no">Viggo.Hansteen@astro.uio.no</a></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">========================================================</font></div></div></span>
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